One of the core principles of the spin machine motor is to generate a magnetic field in the electromagnetic coil through current, and this magnetic field interacts with the rotor to promote the rotation of the motor.
Rotor conductivity:
The rotor of an electric motor is usually made of conductive material in order to generate a corresponding current in a magnetic field. This is usually accomplished by wrapping wires around or inside the rotor. Electrical conductivity properties are critical to the rotor's interaction in magnetic fields.
The role of Lorentz force:
Once a magnetic field is created by passing an electric current through the electromagnetic coil, this magnetic field interacts with the conductive material on the rotor. According to the principle of Lorentz force, when a conductor (rotor) moves in a magnetic field, it will experience a force perpendicular to the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field. This force is called the Lorentz force, and its direction and magnitude are affected by the direction of the current and the strength of the magnetic field.
Produce torque:
The Lorentz force creates a torque on the rotor, causing the rotor to start rotating. The direction and magnitude of this torque depend on the direction of the current, the direction of the magnetic field, and the geometry of the rotor. This rotation process is a key step for the motor to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Stability of rotational motion:
The rotational motion of the rotor in the magnetic field is usually relatively stable. This is because the rotor generates an induced current during its rotation. The magnetic field generated by this induced current interacts with the external magnetic field to form a stable equilibrium state. This principle is consistent with Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
Speed regulation and control:
By adjusting the magnitude and direction of the current, the intensity and direction of the electromagnetic field can be controlled, thereby affecting the magnitude and direction of the Lorentz force, thereby adjusting the rotation speed and direction of the rotor. This is a basic method to achieve motor speed regulation and control.
Shape and distribution of magnetic field:
The shape and distribution of the magnetic field are usually considered in the design of the motor to ensure that the interaction with the rotor is uniform and stable. This involves factors such as the layout and shape of the electromagnetic coil and the distribution of current in the coil.
Braking and back EMF:
When power is removed from the motor, the rotor may continue to rotate for a period of time due to the generated electromotive force and mechanical inertia. In certain applications, this principle can be exploited for braking and energy recovery.
